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Subject: Re: [virtio-comment] Re: [virtio-dev] [PATCH v17] virtio-net: support inner header hash
A couple more fixes are needed I think.
On Thu, Jun 15, 2023 at 05:29:30PM +0800, Heng Qi wrote:
>
> Hi all!
>
> If after reviewing it you feel this version meets the necessaryrequirements,
> I kindly request a vote.
>
> Fixes: https://github.com/oasis-tcs/virtio-spec/issues/173
>
> Thanks a lot!
>
>
>
>
> å 2023/6/12 äå4:09, Heng Qi åé:
> > 1. Currently, a received encapsulated packet has an outer and an inner header, but
> > the virtio device is unable to calculate the hash for the inner header. The same
> > flow can traverse through different tunnels, resulting in the encapsulated
> > packets being spread across multiple receive queues (refer to the figure below).
> > However, in certain scenarios, we may need to direct these encapsulated packets of
> > the same flow to a single receive queue. This facilitates the processing
> > of the flow by the same CPU to improve performance (warm caches, less locking, etc.).
> >
> > client1 client2
> > | +-------+ |
> > +------->|tunnels|<--------+
> > +-------+
> > | |
> > v v
> > +-----------------+
> > | monitoring host |
> > +-----------------+
> >
> > To achieve this, the device can calculate a symmetric hash based on the inner headers
> > of the same flow.
> >
> > 2. For legacy systems, they may lack entropy fields which modern protocols have in
> > the outer header, resulting in multiple flows with the same outer header but
> > different inner headers being directed to the same receive queue. This results in
> > poor receive performance.
> >
> > To address this limitation, inner header hash can be used to enable the device to advertise
> > the capability to calculate the hash for the inner packet, regaining better receive performance.
> >
> > Fixes: https://github.com/oasis-tcs/virtio-spec/issues/173
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Heng Qi <hengqi@linux.alibaba.com>
> > Reviewed-by: Xuan Zhuo <xuanzhuo@linux.alibaba.com>
> > Reviewed-by: Parav Pandit <parav@nvidia.com>
> > ---
> > v16->v17:
> > 1. Some small rewrites. @Parav Pandit
> > 2. Add Parav's Reviewed-by tag (Thanks!).
> >
> > v15->v16:
> > 1. Remove the hash_option. In order to delimit the inner header hash and RSS
> > configuration, the ability to configure the outer src udp port hash is given
> > to RSS. This is orthogonal to inner header hash, which will be done in the
> > RSS capability extension topic (considered as an RSS extension together
> > with the symmetric toeplitz hash algorithm, etc.). @Parav Pandit @Michael S . Tsirkin
> > 2. Fix a 'field' typo. @Parav Pandit
> >
> > v14->v15:
> > 1. Add tunnel hash option suggested by @Michael S . Tsirkin
> > 2. Adjust some descriptions.
> >
> > v13->v14:
> > 1. Move supported_hash_tunnel_types from config space into cvq command. @Parav Pandit
> > 2. Rebase to master branch.
> > 3. Some minor modifications.
> >
> > v12->v13:
> > 1. Add a GET command for hash_tunnel_types. @Parav Pandit
> > 2. Add tunneling protocol explanation. @Jason Wang
> > 3. Add comments on some usage scenarios for inner hash.
> >
> > v11->v12:
> > 1. Add a command VIRTIO_NET_CTRL_MQ_TUNNEL_CONFIG.
> > 2. Refine the commit log. @Michael S . Tsirkin
> > 3. Add some tunnel types.
> >
> > v10->v11:
> > 1. Revise commit log for clarity for readers.
> > 2. Some modifications to avoid undefined terms. @Parav Pandit
> > 3. Change VIRTIO_NET_F_HASH_TUNNEL dependency. @Parav Pandit
> > 4. Add the normative statements. @Parav Pandit
> >
> > v9->v10:
> > 1. Removed hash_report_tunnel related information. @Parav Pandit
> > 2. Re-describe the limitations of QoS for tunneling.
> > 3. Some clarification.
> >
> > v8->v9:
> > 1. Merge hash_report_tunnel_types into hash_report. @Parav Pandit
> > 2. Add tunnel security section. @Michael S . Tsirkin
> > 3. Add VIRTIO_NET_F_HASH_REPORT_TUNNEL.
> > 4. Fix some typos.
> > 5. Add more tunnel types. @Michael S . Tsirkin
> >
> > v7->v8:
> > 1. Add supported_hash_tunnel_types. @Jason Wang, @Parav Pandit
> > 2. Change hash_report_tunnel to hash_report_tunnel_types. @Parav Pandit
> > 3. Removed re-definition for inner packet hashing. @Parav Pandit
> > 4. Fix some typos. @Michael S . Tsirkin
> > 5. Clarify some sentences. @Michael S . Tsirkin
> >
> > v6->v7:
> > 1. Modify the wording of some sentences for clarity. @Michael S. Tsirkin
> > 2. Fix some syntax issues. @Michael S. Tsirkin
> >
> > v5->v6:
> > 1. Fix some syntax and capitalization issues. @Michael S. Tsirkin
> > 2. Use encapsulated/encaptulation uniformly. @Michael S. Tsirkin
> > 3. Move the links to introduction section. @Michael S. Tsirkin
> > 4. Clarify some sentences. @Michael S. Tsirkin
> >
> > v4->v5:
> > 1. Clarify some paragraphs. @Cornelia Huck
> > 2. Fix the u8 type. @Cornelia Huck
> >
> > v3->v4:
> > 1. Rename VIRTIO_NET_F_HASH_GRE_VXLAN_GENEVE_INNER to VIRTIO_NET_F_HASH_TUNNEL. @Jason Wang
> > 2. Make things clearer. @Jason Wang @Michael S. Tsirkin
> > 3. Keep the possibility to use inner hash for automatic receive steering. @Jason Wang
> > 4. Add the "Tunnel packet" paragraph to avoid repeating the GRE etc. many times. @Michael S. Tsirkin
> >
> > v2->v3:
> > 1. Add a feature bit for GRE/VXLAN/GENEVE inner hash. @Jason Wang
> > 2. Chang \field{hash_tunnel} to \field{hash_report_tunnel}. @Jason Wang, @Michael S. Tsirkin
> >
> > v1->v2:
> > 1. Remove the patch for the bitmask fix. @Michael S. Tsirkin
> > 2. Clarify some paragraphs. @Jason Wang
> > 3. Add \field{hash_tunnel} and VIRTIO_NET_HASH_REPORT_GRE. @Yuri Benditovich
> >
> > device-types/net/description.tex | 161 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
> > device-types/net/device-conformance.tex | 1 +
> > device-types/net/driver-conformance.tex | 1 +
> > introduction.tex | 40 ++++++
> > 4 files changed, 203 insertions(+)
> >
> > diff --git a/device-types/net/description.tex b/device-types/net/description.tex
> > index 3030222..6bf65ff 100644
> > --- a/device-types/net/description.tex
> > +++ b/device-types/net/description.tex
> > @@ -88,6 +88,8 @@ \subsection{Feature bits}\label{sec:Device Types / Network Device / Feature bits
> > \item[VIRTIO_NET_F_CTRL_MAC_ADDR(23)] Set MAC address through control
> > channel.
> > +\item[VIRTIO_NET_F_HASH_TUNNEL(51)] Device supports inner header hash for tunnel-encapsulated packets.
> > +
> > \item[VIRTIO_NET_F_VQ_NOTF_COAL(52)] Device supports virtqueue notification coalescing.
> > \item[VIRTIO_NET_F_NOTF_COAL(53)] Device supports notifications coalescing.
> > @@ -147,6 +149,7 @@ \subsubsection{Feature bit requirements}\label{sec:Device Types / Network Device
> > \item[VIRTIO_NET_F_RSC_EXT] Requires VIRTIO_NET_F_HOST_TSO4 or VIRTIO_NET_F_HOST_TSO6.
> > \item[VIRTIO_NET_F_RSS] Requires VIRTIO_NET_F_CTRL_VQ.
> > \item[VIRTIO_NET_F_VQ_NOTF_COAL] Requires VIRTIO_NET_F_CTRL_VQ.
> > +\item[VIRTIO_NET_F_HASH_TUNNEL] Requires VIRTIO_NET_F_CTRL_VQ along with VIRTIO_NET_F_RSS and/or VIRTIO_NET_F_HASH_REPORT.
> > \end{description}
> > \subsubsection{Legacy Interface: Feature bits}\label{sec:Device Types / Network Device / Feature bits / Legacy Interface: Feature bits}
> > @@ -869,6 +872,7 @@ \subsubsection{Processing of Incoming Packets}\label{sec:Device Types / Network
> > If the feature VIRTIO_NET_F_RSS was negotiated:
> > \begin{itemize}
> > \item The device uses \field{hash_types} of the virtio_net_rss_config structure as 'Enabled hash types' bitmask.
> > +\item The device uses \field{hash_tunnel_types} of the virtnet_hash_tunnel_config_get structure as 'Enabled encapsulation hash types' bitmask if VIRTIO_NET_F_HASH_TUNNEL was negotiated.
> > \item The device uses a key as defined in \field{hash_key_data} and \field{hash_key_length} of the virtio_net_rss_config structure (see
> > \ref{sec:Device Types / Network Device / Device Operation / Control Virtqueue / Receive-side scaling (RSS) / Setting RSS parameters}).
> > \end{itemize}
> > @@ -876,6 +880,7 @@ \subsubsection{Processing of Incoming Packets}\label{sec:Device Types / Network
> > If the feature VIRTIO_NET_F_RSS was not negotiated:
> > \begin{itemize}
> > \item The device uses \field{hash_types} of the virtio_net_hash_config structure as 'Enabled hash types' bitmask.
> > +\item The device uses \field{hash_tunnel_types} of the virtnet_hash_tunnel_config_get structure as 'Enabled encapsulation hash types' bitmask if VIRTIO_NET_F_HASH_TUNNEL was negotiated.
> > \item The device uses a key as defined in \field{hash_key_data} and \field{hash_key_length} of the virtio_net_hash_config structure (see
> > \ref{sec:Device Types / Network Device / Device Operation / Control Virtqueue / Automatic receive steering in multiqueue mode / Hash calculation}).
> > \end{itemize}
> > @@ -891,6 +896,7 @@ \subsubsection{Processing of Incoming Packets}\label{sec:Device Types / Network
> > \subparagraph{Supported/enabled hash types}
> > \label{sec:Device Types / Network Device / Device Operation / Processing of Incoming Packets / Hash calculation for incoming packets / Supported/enabled hash types}
> > +This paragraph relies on definitions from \hyperref[intro:IP]{[IP]}, \hyperref[intro:UDP]{[UDP]} and \hyperref[intro:TCP]{[TCP]}.
> > Hash types applicable for IPv4 packets:
> > \begin{lstlisting}
> > #define VIRTIO_NET_HASH_TYPE_IPv4 (1 << 0)
> > @@ -1001,6 +1007,161 @@ \subsubsection{Processing of Incoming Packets}\label{sec:Device Types / Network
> > (see \ref{sec:Device Types / Network Device / Device Operation / Processing of Incoming Packets / Hash calculation for incoming packets / IPv6 packets without extension header}).
> > \end{itemize}
> > +\paragraph{Inner Header Hash}
> > +\label{sec:Device Types / Network Device / Device Operation / Processing of Incoming Packets / Inner Header Hash}
> > +
> > +If VIRTIO_NET_F_HASH_TUNNEL has been negotiated, the driver can send commands VIRTIO_NET_CTRL_HASH_TUNNEL_SET
> > +and VIRTIO_NET_CTRL_HASH_TUNNEL_GET for the inner header hash configuration.
> > +
> > +struct virtnet_hash_tunnel_config_set {
> > + le32 hash_tunnel_types;
> > +};
> > +
> > +struct virtnet_hash_tunnel_config_get {
> > + le32 supported_hash_tunnel_types;
> > + le32 hash_tunnel_types;
> > +};
> > +
> > +#define VIRTIO_NET_CTRL_HASH_TUNNEL 7
> > + #define VIRTIO_NET_CTRL_HASH_TUNNEL_SET 0
> > + #define VIRTIO_NET_CTRL_HASH_TUNNEL_GET 1
> > +
> > +Field \field{supported_hash_tunnel_types} provided by the device indicates that the device supports inner header hash for these encapsulation types.
> > +\field{supported_hash_tunnel_types} contains the bitmask of supported tunnel hash types. See \ref{sec:Device Types / Network Device / Device Operation / Processing
> > +of Incoming Packets / Hash calculation for incoming packets / Supported/enabled encapsulation hash types}.
> > +
> > +Field \field{hash_tunnel_types} contains the bitmask of configured tunnel hash types.
> > +See \ref{sec:Device Types / Network Device / Device Operation / Processing of Incoming Packets / Hash calculation for incoming packets / Supported/enabled encapsulation hash types}.
> > +
> > +The class VIRTIO_NET_CTRL_HASH_TUNNEL has the following commands:
> > +\begin{itemize}
> > +\item VIRTIO_NET_CTRL_HASH_TUNNEL_SET: set \field{hash_tunnel_types} for the device using the virtnet_hash_tunnel_config_set structure, which is read-only for the device.
> > +\item VIRTIO_NET_CTRL_HASH_TUNNEL_GET: get \field{hash_tunnel_types} and \field{supported_hash_tunnel_types} from the device using the virtnet_hash_tunnel_config_get
> > + structure, which is write-only for the device.
> > +\end{itemize}
> > +
> > +\subparagraph{Tunnel/Encapsulated packet}
> > +\label{sec:Device Types / Network Device / Device Operation / Processing of Incoming Packets / Hash calculation for incoming packets / Tunnel/Encapsulated packet}
> > +
> > +A tunnel packet is encapsulated from the original packet based on the tunneling protocol (only a single level of
> > +encapsulation is currently supported). The encapsulated packet contains an outer header and an inner header, and
> > +the device calculates the hash over either the inner header or the outer header.
> > +
> > +If VIRTIO_NET_F_HASH_TUNNEL is negotiated and a received encapsulated packet's outer header matches one of the
> > +configured \field{hash_tunnel_types}, the hash of the inner header is calculated.
> > +
> > +Supported encapsulated packet types:
> > +\begin{itemize}
> > +\item The outer header of the following encapsulation types does not contain the transport protocol:
> > +\begin{itemize}
> > +\item \hyperref[intro:ipip]{[IPIP]}: the outer header is over IPv4 and the inner header is over IPv4.
> > +\item \hyperref[intro:nvgre]{[NVGRE]}: the outer header is over IPv4/IPv6 and the inner header is over IPv4/IPv6.
> > +\item \hyperref[intro:gre_rfc2784]{[GRE_rfc2784]}: the outer header is over IPv4 and the inner header is over IPv4.
> > +\item \hyperref[intro:gre_rfc2890]{[GRE_rfc2890]}: the outer header is over IPv4 and the inner header is over IPv4.
> > +\item \hyperref[intro:gre_rfc7676]{[GRE_rfc7676]}: the outer header is over IPv4/IPv6 and the inner header is over IPv4/IPv6.
> > +\end{itemize}
> > +\item The outer header of the following encapsulation types uses UDP as the transport protocol:
> > +\begin{itemize}
> > +\item \hyperref[intro:vxlan]{[VXLAN]}: the outer header is over IPv4/IPv6 and the inner header is over IPv4/IPv6.
> > +\item \hyperref[intro:geneve]{[GENEVE]}: the outer header is over IPv4/IPv6 and the inner header is over IPv4/IPv6.
> > +\item \hyperref[intro:vxlan_gpe]{[VXLAN-GPE]}: the outer header is over IPv4/IPv6 and the inner header is over IPv4/IPv6.
> > +\item \hyperref[intro:gre_in_udp_rfc8086]{[GRE-in-UDP]}: the outer header is over IPv4/IPv6 and the inner header is over IPv4/IPv6.
> > +\end{itemize}
> > +\end{itemize}
> > +
> > +If VIRTIO_NET_HASH_TUNNEL_TYPE_NONE is set or the encapsulation type is not included in the configured \field{hash_tunnel_types},
> > +the hash of the outer header is calculated for the received encapsulated packet.
> > +
> > +The hash is calculated for the received non-encapsulated packet as if VIRTIO_NET_F_HASH_TUNNEL was not negotiated.
> > +
> > +\subparagraph{Supported/enabled encapsulation hash types}
> > +\label{sec:Device Types / Network Device / Device Operation / Processing of Incoming Packets / Hash calculation for incoming packets / Supported/enabled encapsulation hash types}
> > +
> > +\begin{lstlisting}
> > +#define VIRTIO_NET_HASH_TUNNEL_TYPE_NONE (1 << 0)
> > +\end{lstlisting}
> > +
> > +Supported encapsulation hash types:
> > +Hash type applicable for inner payload of the \hyperref[intro:gre_rfc2784]{[GRE_rfc2784]} packet:
> > +\begin{lstlisting}
> > +#define VIRTIO_NET_HASH_TUNNEL_TYPE_GRE_2784 (1 << 1)
> > +\end{lstlisting}
> > +Hash type applicable for inner payload of the \hyperref[intro:gre_rfc2890]{[GRE_rfc2890]} packet:
> > +\begin{lstlisting}
> > +#define VIRTIO_NET_HASH_TUNNEL_TYPE_GRE_2890 (1 << 2)
> > +\end{lstlisting}
> > +Hash type applicable for inner payload of the \hyperref[intro:gre_rfc7676]{[GRE_rfc7676]} packet:
> > +\begin{lstlisting}
> > +#define VIRTIO_NET_HASH_TUNNEL_TYPE_GRE_7676 (1 << 3)
> > +\end{lstlisting}
> > +Hash type applicable for inner payload of the \hyperref[intro:gre_in_udp_rfc8086]{[GRE-in-UDP]} packet:
> > +\begin{lstlisting}
> > +#define VIRTIO_NET_HASH_TUNNEL_TYPE_GRE_UDP (1 << 4)
> > +\end{lstlisting}
> > +Hash type applicable for inner payload of the \hyperref[intro:vxlan]{[VXLAN]} packet:
> > +\begin{lstlisting}
> > +#define VIRTIO_NET_HASH_TUNNEL_TYPE_VXLAN (1 << 5)
> > +\end{lstlisting}
> > +Hash type applicable for inner payload of the \hyperref[intro:vxlan_gpe]{[VXLAN-GPE]} packet:
> > +\begin{lstlisting}
> > +#define VIRTIO_NET_HASH_TUNNEL_TYPE_VXLAN_GPE (1 << 6)
> > +\end{lstlisting}
> > +Hash type applicable for inner payload of the \hyperref[intro:geneve]{[GENEVE]} packet:
> > +\begin{lstlisting}
> > +#define VIRTIO_NET_HASH_TUNNEL_TYPE_GENEVE (1 << 7)
> > +\end{lstlisting}
> > +Hash type applicable for inner payload of the \hyperref[intro:ipip]{[IPIP]} packet:
> > +\begin{lstlisting}
> > +#define VIRTIO_NET_HASH_TUNNEL_TYPE_IPIP (1 << 8)
> > +\end{lstlisting}
> > +Hash type applicable for inner payload of the \hyperref[intro:nvgre]{[NVGRE]} packet:
> > +\begin{lstlisting}
> > +#define VIRTIO_NET_HASH_TUNNEL_TYPE_NVGRE (1 << 9)
> > +\end{lstlisting}
> > +
> > +\subparagraph{Advice}
> > +Usage scenarios of inner header hash (but not limited to):
> > +\begin{itemize}
> > +\item Legacy tunneling protocols that lack entropy in the outer header use inner header hash to hash flows
> > + with the same outer header but different inner headers to different queues for better-receiving performance.
> > +\item In scenarios where the same flow passing through different tunnels is expected to be received in the same queue,
> > + to utilize warm caches, to have less locking etc. are optimized to obtain receiving performance.
> > +\end{itemize}
> > +
> > +For scenarios with sufficient outer entropy or no inner header hash requirements, inner header hash may not be needed:
> > +A tunnel is often expected to isolate the external network from the internal one. By completely ignoring entropy
> > +in the outer header and replacing it with entropy from the inner header, for hash calculations, this expectation
> > +might be violated to a certain extent, depending on how the hash is used. When the hash use is limited to RSS queue
> > +selection, inner header hash may have quality of service (QoS) limitations.
> > +
> > +Possible mitigations:
> > +\begin{itemize}
> > +\item Use a tool with good forwarding performance to keep the receive queue from dropping packets.
> > +\item If the QoS is unavailable, the driver can set \field{hash_tunnel_types} to VIRTIO_NET_HASH_TUNNEL_TYPE_NONE
> > + to disable inner header hash for encapsulated packets.
> > +\item Perform appropriate QoS before packets consume the receive buffers of the receive queues.
> > +\end{itemize}
> > +
> > +\devicenormative{\subparagraph}{Inner Header Hash}{Device Types / Network Device / Device Operation / Control Virtqueue / Inner Header Hash}
> > +
> > +The device MUST calculate the hash on the outer header if the type of the received encapsulated packet does not match
> > +any value of the configured \field{hash_tunnel_types}.
> > +
> > +The device MUST respond to the VIRTIO_NET_CTRL_HASH_TUNNEL_SET command with VIRTIO_NET_ERR if the device receives
> > +an unsupported or unrecognized VIRTIO_NET_HASH_TUNNEL_TYPE_ flag.
> > +
> > +The device MUST provide the values of \field{supported_hash_tunnel_types} if it offers the VIRTIO_NET_F_HASH_TUNNEL feature.
> > +
> > +Upon reset, the device MUST initialize \field{hash_tunnel_type} to 0.
> > +
> > +\drivernormative{\subparagraph}{Inner Header Hash}{Device Types / Network Device / Device Operation / Control Virtqueue / Inner Header Hash}
> > +
> > +The driver MUST have negotiated the VIRTIO_NET_F_HASH_TUNNEL feature when issuing commands VIRTIO_NET_CTRL_HASH_TUNNEL_SET and VIRTIO_NET_CTRL_HASH_TUNNEL_GET.
> > +
> > +The driver MUST ignore the values received from the VIRTIO_NET_CTRL_HASH_TUNNEL_GET command if the device responds with VIRTIO_NET_ERR.
> > +
> > +The driver MUST NOT set any VIRTIO_NET_HASH_TUNNEL_TYPE_ flags which are not supported by the device.
> > +
> > \paragraph{Hash reporting for incoming packets}
> > \label{sec:Device Types / Network Device / Device Operation / Processing of Incoming Packets / Hash reporting for incoming packets}
> > diff --git a/device-types/net/device-conformance.tex b/device-types/net/device-conformance.tex
> > index 54f6783..f88f48b 100644
> > --- a/device-types/net/device-conformance.tex
> > +++ b/device-types/net/device-conformance.tex
> > @@ -14,4 +14,5 @@
> > \item \ref{devicenormative:Device Types / Network Device / Device Operation / Control Virtqueue / Automatic receive steering in multiqueue mode}
> > \item \ref{devicenormative:Device Types / Network Device / Device Operation / Control Virtqueue / Receive-side scaling (RSS) / RSS processing}
> > \item \ref{devicenormative:Device Types / Network Device / Device Operation / Control Virtqueue / Notifications Coalescing}
> > +\item \ref{devicenormative:Device Types / Network Device / Device Operation / Control Virtqueue / Inner Header Hash}
> > \end{itemize}
> > diff --git a/device-types/net/driver-conformance.tex b/device-types/net/driver-conformance.tex
> > index 97d0cc1..9d853d9 100644
> > --- a/device-types/net/driver-conformance.tex
> > +++ b/device-types/net/driver-conformance.tex
> > @@ -14,4 +14,5 @@
> > \item \ref{drivernormative:Device Types / Network Device / Device Operation / Control Virtqueue / Offloads State Configuration / Setting Offloads State}
> > \item \ref{drivernormative:Device Types / Network Device / Device Operation / Control Virtqueue / Receive-side scaling (RSS) }
> > \item \ref{drivernormative:Device Types / Network Device / Device Operation / Control Virtqueue / Notifications Coalescing}
> > +\item \ref{drivernormative:Device Types / Network Device / Device Operation / Control Virtqueue / Inner Header Hash}
> > \end{itemize}
> > diff --git a/introduction.tex b/introduction.tex
> > index b7155bf..3f34950 100644
> > --- a/introduction.tex
> > +++ b/introduction.tex
> > @@ -102,6 +102,46 @@ \section{Normative References}\label{sec:Normative References}
> > Standards for Efficient Cryptography Group(SECG), ``SEC1: Elliptic Cureve Cryptography'', Version 1.0, September 2000.
> > \newline\url{https://www.secg.org/sec1-v2.pdf}\\
> > + \phantomsection\label{intro:gre_rfc2784}\textbf{[GRE_rfc2784]} &
> > + Generic Routing Encapsulation. This protocol is only specified for IPv4 and used as either the payload or delivery protocol.
> > + \newline\url{https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc2784/}\\
> > + \phantomsection\label{intro:gre_rfc2890}\textbf{[GRE_rfc2890]} &
> > + Key and Sequence Number Extensions to GRE \ref{intro:gre_rfc2784}. This protocol describes extensions by which two fields, Key and
> > + Sequence Number, can be optionally carried in the GRE Header \ref{intro:gre_rfc2784}.
> > + \newline\url{https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2890}\\
> > + \phantomsection\label{intro:gre_rfc7676}\textbf{[GRE_rfc7676]} &
> > + IPv6 Support for Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE). This protocol is specified for IPv6 and used as either the payload or
> > + delivery protocol. Note that this does not change the GRE header format or any behaviors specified by RFC 2784 or RFC 2890.
> > + \newline\url{https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc7676/}\\
> > + \phantomsection\label{intro:gre_in_udp_rfc8086}\textbf{[GRE-in-UDP]} &
> > + GRE-in-UDP Encapsulation. This specifies a method of encapsulating network protocol packets within GRE and UDP headers.
> > + This GRE-in-UDP encapsulation allows the UDP source port field to be used as an entropy field. This protocol is specified for IPv4 and IPv6,
> > + and used as either the payload or delivery protocol.
> > + \newline\url{https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8086}\\
> > + \phantomsection\label{intro:vxlan}\textbf{[VXLAN]} &
> > + Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network.
> > + \newline\url{https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc7348/}\\
> > + \phantomsection\label{intro:vxlan-gpe}\textbf{[VXLAN-GPE]} &
> > + Generic Protocol Extension for VXLAN. This protocol describes extending Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN) via changes to the VXLAN header.
> > + \newline\url{https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-nvo3-vxlan-gpe-12.txt}\\
> > + \phantomsection\label{intro:geneve}\textbf{[GENEVE]} &
> > + Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation.
> > + \newline\url{https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8926/}\\
> > + \phantomsection\label{intro:ipip}\textbf{[IPIP]} &
> > + IP Encapsulation within IP.
> > + \newline\url{https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2003}\\
> > + \phantomsection\label{intro:nvgre}\textbf{[NVGRE]} &
> > + NVGRE: Network Virtualization Using Generic Routing Encapsulation
> > + \newline\url{https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7637.html}\\
> > + \phantomsection\label{intro:IP}\textbf{[IP]} &
> > + INTERNET PROTOCOL
> > + \newline\url{https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc791}\\
> > + \phantomsection\label{intro:UDP}\textbf{[UDP]} &
> > + User Datagram Protocol
> > + \newline\url{https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc768}\\
> > + \phantomsection\label{intro:TCP}\textbf{[TCP]} &
> > + TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL
> > + \newline\url{https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc793}\\
> > \end{longtable}
> > \section{Non-Normative References}
>
>
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