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Topic
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Content
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Notes
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2.4 Specialization terminology
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[generalization] The process by which a specialized element is transformed into a less-specialized ancestor element or a specialized attribute is transformed into a less-specialized ancestor attribute. The
original specialization-hierarchy information can be preserved in the
generalized instance; this allows the original specialized type to be recreated from the
generalized instance.
[specialization]
(1) The act of defining new element or attribute types as a semantic refinement of existing element or attribute types
(2) An element or attribute type that is a specialization of a base type
(3) A process by which a generalized element is transformed into one of its more specialized element types or a
generalized attribute is transformed into a more specialized attribute.
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6.4.12 Processing key references to generate text or link text
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[Generalization of effective content:] When the effective content for a key reference element results in invalid elements, those elements
SHOULD be generalized to produce a valid result.
For example, <keytext> in the key definition might use a domain specialization of <keyword> that is not valid in the key reference context, in which case the specialized element is
generalized to <keyword>. If the
generalized content is also not valid, a text equivalent is used instead. For example, <keytext> might include <ph> or a specialized <ph> in the key definition, but neither of those are valid as the effective content for a <keyword>. In that case, the
text content of the <ph> is used.
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7.3.2 The @conaction attribute
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The target element can be more general than the source. For example, it is legal to push a
<step> element to replace a general list item (<li>); the <step> element should be
generalized back to a list item during the process.
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7.3.3 The @conrefend attribute
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As with @conref, if the @conrefend references a more specialized version of the referencing element, applications should
generalize the target when resolving.
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7.3.7 Processing conrefs
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When content is reused between two documents with different domains or constraints, it is possible for the reused content to include domain extensions that are not defined for the new context, or to include elements that would be constrained
out of the new context. When pulling or pushing content with the conref mechanism, processors resolving conrefs SHOULD tolerate specializations of valid elements. Processors MAY
generalize elements in the pushed or pulled content fragment as needed for the resolving context.
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7.3.8 Processing attributes when resolving conrefs
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If the referenced element has a @conref attribute specified, the above rules should be applied recursively with the resolved element from one referencing/referenced combination becoming one of the two elements participating in the next
referencing/referenced combination. The result should preserve without
generalization all elements that are valid in the originating context, even if they are not valid in an intermediate context.
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7.4.5 Conditional processing attribute values with groups
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Grouped values are intended to support situations where a metadata attribute applies to multiple specialized subcategories. For example, if content is classified into two distinct types of product, those distinct types can become named
groups within the @product attribute. The grouping syntax exactly matches the syntax used for
generalized attributes, making it valid inside @props and any attribute specialized from @props, including those integrated by default in the OASIS-provided document-type shells: @audience, @deliveryTarget, @platform, @product,
@otherprops.
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8.1 Overview of DITA extension facilities
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DITA content that uses specializations can be treated as, or converted to, unspecialized markup through the process of
generalization. The information about the original specialized form can be retained.
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8.3.5 Specialization rules for attributes
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[A specialized attribute has the following characteristics:]
In generalized form, the values must conform to the rules for attribute
generalization.
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8.3.6 The @class attribute rules and syntax
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The sequence of values in the @class attribute is important because it tells processors which value is the most general and which is most specific. This sequence is what enables both specialization aware processing and
generalization.
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8.3.6 The @class attribute rules and syntax
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When the @class attribute is declared in an XML grammar, it
MUST be declared with a default value. In order to support
generalization round-tripping (generalizing specialized content into a generic form and then returning it to the specialized form) the default value
MUST NOT be fixed. This allows a generalization process to overwrite the default values that are defined by a general document type with specialized values taken from the document being
generalized.
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8.5.3 Constraints, processing, and interoperability
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For example, a document type constrained to require the <shortdesc> element allows a subset of the possible instances of the unconstrained document type with an optional <shortdesc> element. Thus, the content processing for topic still
works when <topic> is constrained to require a short description. Similarly, an unconstrained task is compatible with an unconstrained topic, because the <task> element can be
generalized to <topic>.
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8.6.2 Expansion module rules
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There are certain rules that apply to the design and implementation of expansion modules. These rules all stem from the requirement that the content model of a specialized element must be consistent with the content model of the specialization
base. After generalization, the content model of an element affected by an expansion module must match the original content model for that element.
[Ordinality of expanded elements]
When a DITA topic affected by this expansion module is
generalized, the resulting markup would be valid; the content model of <ol> would be respected.
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1 0.7.2.2 <endflag>
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Mentions “generalized attribute syntaz”
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The attributes topics often link to the topic on generalized attributes.
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