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Subject: [topicmaps-comment] Fw: multilingual thesaurus and ontologies
This thread has been very lively .. here comes a contribution from John Sowa, that he suggested me to forward. ----- Message d'origine ----- De : "John F. Sowa" <sowa@bestweb.net> À : "Bernard Vatant" <bernard.vatant@mondeca.com> Envoyé : vendredi 1 février 2002 18:26 Objet : Re: mulitilingual thesaurus and ontologies > Bernard, > > The problem you discuss is a well-known issue that linguists and > lexicographers have worked on for many years. > > The usual approach is to distinguish the word and the word sense, > where a word sense corresponds to "concept" or "concept type". > A common example is the English word "know", which has two senses > that correspond to the French "savoir" and "connaitre" or the > German "wissen" and "kennen". Those two word senses of "know" > are clearly distinguished in English by differences in syntax: > "know that" -> "savoir", and "know of" -> "connaitre". > > An even more ambiguous word is "have", whose senses were discussed > by Aristotle (in the last chapter of his book _Categories_, the first > book in the traditional ordering). > > For a discussion of these issues, see Section 7 of my paper, > "Signs, Processes, and Laguage Games": > > http://www.jfsowa.com/pubs/signproc.htm > > There I distinguish the hierarchy of concept types from the word > hierarchies of each natural language that maps to those types. > This distinction is commonly used for WordNet, EDR, and most other > approaches to representing multilingual lexicons for machine > translation. For the references mentioned in that paper, see the > combined bibliography: > > http://www.jfsowa.com/bib.htm > > For a more complex example, see the comparison of the subtypes of > the English "vehicle" and the Chinese "che" in Figure 4 of that > paper. > John Sowa
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