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Subject: Re: [PATCH 4/4] vhost-user: add vhost-user device type
On Wed, Mar 30, 2022 at 04:26:59PM +0100, Usama Arif wrote:
> The vhost-user device backend facilitates vhost-user device emulation
> through vhost-user protocol exchanges and access to shared memory.
> Software-defined networking, storage, and other I/O appliances can
> provide services through this device.
>
> This device is based on Wei Wang's vhost-pci work. The virtio
> vhost-user device differs from vhost-pci because it is a single virtio
> device type that exposes the vhost-user protocol instead of a family of
> new virtio device types, one for each vhost-user device type.
>
> This device supports vhost-user backend and vhost-user frontend
> reconnection. It also contains a UUID so that vhost-user backend programs
> can identify a specific device among many without using bus addresses.
>
> virtio-vhost-user makes use of additional resources introduced in earlier
> patches including device aux. notifications, driver aux. notifications,
> as well as shared memory.
>
> Signed-off-by: Usama Arif <usama.arif@bytedance.com>
> Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
> Signed-off-by: Nikos Dragazis <ndragazis@arrikto.com>
> ---
> conformance.tex | 27 ++++-
> content.tex | 3 +
> introduction.tex | 3 +
> virtio-vhost-user.tex | 259 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> 4 files changed, 288 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
> create mode 100644 virtio-vhost-user.tex
>
> diff --git a/conformance.tex b/conformance.tex
> index cddaf75..fab49c3 100644
> --- a/conformance.tex
> +++ b/conformance.tex
> @@ -32,8 +32,9 @@ \section{Conformance Targets}\label{sec:Conformance / Conformance Targets}
> \ref{sec:Conformance / Driver Conformance / Memory Driver Conformance},
> \ref{sec:Conformance / Driver Conformance / I2C Adapter Driver Conformance},
> \ref{sec:Conformance / Driver Conformance / SCMI Driver Conformance},
> -\ref{sec:Conformance / Driver Conformance / GPIO Driver Conformance} or
> -\ref{sec:Conformance / Driver Conformance / PMEM Driver Conformance}.
> +\ref{sec:Conformance / Driver Conformance / GPIO Driver Conformance},
> +\ref{sec:Conformance / Driver Conformance / PMEM Driver Conformance} or
> +\ref{sec:Conformance / Driver Conformance / Vhost-user Backend Driver Conformance}.
>
> \item Clause \ref{sec:Conformance / Legacy Interface: Transitional Device and Transitional Driver Conformance}.
> \end{itemize}
> @@ -58,8 +59,9 @@ \section{Conformance Targets}\label{sec:Conformance / Conformance Targets}
> \ref{sec:Conformance / Device Conformance / Memory Device Conformance},
> \ref{sec:Conformance / Device Conformance / I2C Adapter Device Conformance},
> \ref{sec:Conformance / Device Conformance / SCMI Device Conformance},
> -\ref{sec:Conformance / Device Conformance / GPIO Device Conformance} or
> -\ref{sec:Conformance / Device Conformance / PMEM Device Conformance}.
> +\ref{sec:Conformance / Device Conformance / GPIO Device Conformance},
> +\ref{sec:Conformance / Device Conformance / PMEM Device Conformance} or
> +\ref{sec:Conformance / Device Conformance / Vhost-user Backend Device Conformance}.
>
> \item Clause \ref{sec:Conformance / Legacy Interface: Transitional Device and Transitional Driver Conformance}.
> \end{itemize}
> @@ -324,6 +326,15 @@ \section{Conformance Targets}\label{sec:Conformance / Conformance Targets}
> \item \ref{drivernormative:Device Types / PMEM Device / Device Initialization}
> \end{itemize}
>
> +\conformance{\subsection}{Vhost-user Backend Driver Conformance}\label{sec:Conformance / Driver Conformance / Vhost-user Backend Driver Conformance}
> +
> +A vhost-user backend driver MUST conform to the following normative statements:
> +
> +\begin{itemize}
> +\item \ref{drivernormative:Device Types / Vhost-user Device Backend / Device configuration layout}
> +\item \ref{drivernormative:Device Types / Vhost-user Device Backend / Device Initialization}
> +\end{itemize}
> +
> \conformance{\section}{Device Conformance}\label{sec:Conformance / Device Conformance}
>
> A device MUST conform to the following normative statements:
> @@ -595,6 +606,14 @@ \section{Conformance Targets}\label{sec:Conformance / Conformance Targets}
> \item \ref{devicenormative:Device Types / PMEM Device / Device Operation / Virtqueue return}
> \end{itemize}
>
> +\conformance{\subsection}{Vhost-user Backend Device Conformance}\label{sec:Conformance / Device Conformance / Vhost-user Backend Device Conformance}
> +
> +A Vhost-user backend device MUST conform to the following normative statements:
> +
> +\begin{itemize}
> +\item \ref{devicenormative:Device Types / Vhost-user Device Backend / Additional Device Resources / Shared Memory layout}
> +\end{itemize}
> +
> \conformance{\section}{Legacy Interface: Transitional Device and Transitional Driver Conformance}\label{sec:Conformance / Legacy Interface: Transitional Device and Transitional Driver Conformance}
> A conformant implementation MUST be either transitional or
> non-transitional, see \ref{intro:Legacy
> diff --git a/content.tex b/content.tex
> index 0fc50c4..8bf114d 100644
> --- a/content.tex
> +++ b/content.tex
> @@ -3122,6 +3122,8 @@ \chapter{Device Types}\label{sec:Device Types}
> \hline
> 42 & RDMA device \\
> \hline
> +43 & vhost-user device backend \ \\
> +\hline
> \end{tabular}
>
> Some of the devices above are unspecified by this document,
> @@ -6878,6 +6880,7 @@ \subsubsection{Legacy Interface: Framing Requirements}\label{sec:Device
> \input{virtio-scmi.tex}
> \input{virtio-gpio.tex}
> \input{virtio-pmem.tex}
> +\input{virtio-vhost-user.tex}
>
> \chapter{Reserved Feature Bits}\label{sec:Reserved Feature Bits}
>
> diff --git a/introduction.tex b/introduction.tex
> index 6d52717..5bd1b95 100644
> --- a/introduction.tex
> +++ b/introduction.tex
> @@ -79,6 +79,9 @@ \section{Normative References}\label{sec:Normative References}
> \phantomsection\label{intro:SCMI}\textbf{[SCMI]} &
> Arm System Control and Management Interface, DEN0056,
> \newline\url{https://developer.arm.com/docs/den0056/c}, version C and any future revisions\\
> + \phantomsection\label{intro:Vhost-user Protocol}\textbf{[Vhost-user Protocol]}
> + & Vhost-user Protocol,
> + \newline\url{https://qemu.readthedocs.io/en/latest/interop/vhost-user.html}\\
>
> \end{longtable}
>
> diff --git a/virtio-vhost-user.tex b/virtio-vhost-user.tex
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..303054f
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/virtio-vhost-user.tex
> @@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
> +\section{Vhost-user Device Backend}\label{sec:Device Types / Vhost-user Device
> +Backend}
> +
> +The vhost-user device backend facilitates vhost-user device emulation through
> +vhost-user protocol exchanges and access to shared memory. Software-defined
> +networking, storage, and other I/O appliances can provide services through this
> +device.
> +
> +This section relies on definitions from the \hyperref[intro:Vhost-user
> +Protocol]{Vhost-user Protocol}. Knowledge of the vhost-user protocol is a
> +prerequisite for understanding this device.
> +
> +The \hyperref[intro:Vhost-user Protocol]{Vhost-user Protocol} was originally
> +designed for processes on a single system communicating over UNIX domain
> +sockets. The virtio vhost-user device backend allows the vhost-user backend to
> +communicate with the vhost-user frontend over the device instead of a UNIX domain
> +socket. This allows the backend and frontend to run on two separate systems such
> +as a virtual machine and a hypervisor.
> +
> +The vhost-user backend program exchanges vhost-user protocol messages with the
> +vhost-user frontend through this device. How the device implementation
> +communicates with the vhost-user frontend is beyond the scope of this
> +specification. One possible device implementation uses a UNIX domain socket to
> +relay messages to a vhost-user frontend process running on the same host.
> +
> +Existing vhost-user backend programs that communicate over UNIX domain sockets
> +can support the virtio vhost-user device backend without invasive changes
> +because the pre-existing vhost-user wire protocol is used.
> +
> +\subsection{Device ID}\label{sec:Device Types / Vhost-user Device Backend / Device ID}
> + 43
> +
> +\subsection{Virtqueues}\label{sec:Device Types / Vhost-user Device Backend / Virtqueues}
> +
> +\begin{description}
> +\item[0] rxq (device-to-driver vhost-user protocol messages)
> +\item[1] txq (driver-to-device vhost-user protocol messages)
> +\end{description}
> +
> +\subsection{Feature bits}\label{sec:Device Types / Vhost-user Device Backend / Feature bits}
> +
> +No feature bits are defined at this time.
> +
> +\subsection{Device configuration layout}\label{sec:Device Types / Vhost-user Device Backend / Device configuration layout}
> +
> + All fields of this configuration are always available.
> +
> +\begin{lstlisting}
> +struct virtio_vhost_user_config {
> + le32 status;
> +#define VIRTIO_VHOST_USER_STATUS_BACKEND_UP (1 << 0)
> +#define VIRTIO_VHOST_USER_STATUS_FRONTEND_UP (1 << 1)
> + le32 max_vhost_queues;
> + u8 uuid[16];
> +};
> +\end{lstlisting}
> +
> +\begin{description}
> +\item[\field{status}] contains the vhost-user operational status. The default
> + value of this field is 0.
> +
> + The driver sets VIRTIO_VHOST_USER_STATUS_BACKEND_UP to indicate readiness for
> + the vhost-user frontend to connect. The vhost-user frontend cannot connect
> + unless the driver has set this bit first.
> +
> + The device sets VIRTIO_VHOST_USER_STATUS_FRONTEND_UP to indicate that the
> + vhost-user frontend is connected.
> +
> + When the driver clears VIRTIO_VHOST_USER_STATUS_BACKEND_UP while the
> + vhost-user frontend is connected, the vhost-user frontend is disconnected.
> +
> + When the vhost-user frontend disconnects, both
> + VIRTIO_VHOST_USER_STATUS_BACKEND_UP and VIRTIO_VHOST_USER_STATUS_FRONTEND_UP
> + are cleared by the device. Communication can be restarted by the driver
> + setting VIRTIO_VHOST_USER_STATUS_BACKEND_UP again.
> +
> + A configuration change notification is sent when the device changes
> + this field, unless a write to the field by the driver caused the change.
> +
> +\item[\field{max_vhost_queues}] is the maximum number of vhost-user queues
> + supported by this device. This field is always greater than 0.
> +
> +\item[\field{uuid}] is the Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) for this
> + device. If the device has no UUID then this field contains the nil
> + UUID (all zeroes). The UUID allows vhost-user backend programs to identify a
> + specific vhost-user device backend among many without relying on bus
> + addresses.
> +\end{description}
> +
> +\drivernormative{\subsubsection}{Device configuration layout}{Device Types / Vhost-user Device Backend / Device configuration layout}
> +
> +The driver MUST NOT write to device configuration fields other than \field{status}.
> +
> +The driver MUST NOT set undefined bits in the \field{status} configuration field.
> +
> +\subsection{Device Initialization}\label{sec:Device Types / Vhost-user Device Backend / Device Initialization}
> +
> +The driver initializes the rxq/txq virtqueues and then it sets
> +VIRTIO_VHOST_USER_STATUS_BACKEND_UP to the \field{status} field of the device
> +configuration structure.
> +
> +\drivernormative{\subsubsection}{Device Initialization}{Device Types / Vhost-user Device Backend / Device Initialization}
> +
> +The driver SHOULD check the \field{max_vhost_queues} configuration field to
> +determine how many queues the vhost-user backend will be able to support.
> +
> +The driver SHOULD fetch the \field{uuid} configuration field to allow
> +vhost-user backend programs to identify a specific device among many.
> +
> +The driver SHOULD place at least one buffer in rxq before setting the
> +VIRTIO_VHOST_USER_STATUS_BACKEND_UP bit in the \field{status} configuration field.
> +
> +The driver MUST handle rxq virtqueue notifications that occur before the
> +configuration change notification. It is possible that a vhost-user protocol
> +message from the vhost-user frontend arrives before the driver has seen the
> +configuration change notification for the VIRTIO_VHOST_USER_STATUS_FRONTEND_UP
> +\field{status} change.
> +
> +\subsection{Device Operation}\label{sec:Device Types / Vhost-user Device Backend / Device Operation}
> +
> +Device operation consists of operating request queues and response queues.
> +
> +\subsubsection{Device Operation: Request Queues}\label{sec:Device Types / Vhost-user Device Backend / Device Operation / Device Operation: RX/TX Queues}
> +
> +The driver receives vhost-user protocol messages from the vhost-user frontend on
> +rxq. The driver sends responses to the vhost-user frontend on txq.
> +
> +The driver sends backend-initiated requests on txq. The driver receives
> +responses from the vhost-user frontend on rxq.
> +
> +All virtqueues offer in-order guaranteed delivery semantics for vhost-user
> +protocol messages.
> +
> +Each buffer is a vhost-user protocol message as defined by the
> +\hyperref[intro:Vhost-user Protocol]{Vhost-user Protocol}. In order to enable
> +cross-endian communication, all message fields are little-endian instead of the
> +native byte order normally used by the protocol.
> +
> +The appropriate size of rxq buffers is at least as large as the largest message
> +defined by the \hyperref[intro:Vhost-user Protocol]{Vhost-user Protocol}
> +standard version that the driver supports. If the vhost-user frontend sends a
> +message that is too large for an rxq buffer, then DEVICE_NEEDS_RESET is set and
> +the driver must reset the device.
> +
> +File descriptor passing is handled differently by the vhost-user device
> +backend. When a frontend-initiated message is received that carries one or more file
> +descriptors according to the vhost-user protocol, additional device resources
> +become available to the driver.
> +
> +\subsection{Additional Device Resources}\label{sec:Device Types / Vhost-user Device Backend / Additional Device Resources}
> +
> +The vhost-user device backend uses the following facilities from virtio device
> +\ref{sec:Basic Facilities of a Virtio Device} for the vhost-user frontend and
> +backend to exchange notifications and data through the device:
> +
> +\begin{description}
> + \item[Device auxiliary notification] \ref{sec:Basic Facilities of a Virtio Device / Notifications}
> +The driver signals the vhost-user frontend through device auxiliary notifications. The signal does not
> +carry any data, it is purely an event.
> + \item[Driver auxiliary notification] \ref{sec:Basic Facilities of a Virtio Device / Notifications}
> +The vhost-user frontend signals the driver for events besides virtqueue activity
> +and configuration changes by sending driver auxiliary notification.
> + \item[Shared memory] \ref{sec:Basic Facilities of a Virtio Device / Shared Memory Regions}
> +The vhost-user frontend gives access to memory that can be mapped by the driver.
> +\end{description}
> +
> +\subsubsection{Device auxiliary notifications}\label{sec:Device Types / Vhost-user Device Backend / Additional Device Resources / Device auxiliary notifications}
> +
> +The vhost-user device backend provides all (or part) of the following device auxiliary notifications:
> +
> +\begin{description}
> +\item[0] Vring call for vhost-user queue 0
> +\item[\ldots]
> +\item[N-1] Vring call for vhost-user queue N-1
> +\item[N] Vring err for vhost-user queue 0
> +\item[\ldots]
> +\item[2N-1] Vring err for vhost-user queue N-1
> +\item[2N] Log
> +\end{description}
> +
> +where N is the number of the vhost-user virtqueues.
> +
> +\subsubsection{Driver auxiliary notifications}\label{sec:Device Types / Vhost-user Device Backend / Additional Device Resources / Driver auxiliary notifications}
> +
> +The vhost-user device backend provides all (or part) of the following driver auxiliary notifications:
> +
> +\begin{description}
> +\item[0] Vring kick for vhost-user queue 0
> +\item[\ldots]
> +\item[N-1] Vring kick for vhost-user queue N-1
> +\end{description}
> +
> +where N is the number of the vhost-user virtqueues.
> +
> +\subsubsection{Shared Memory}\label{sec:Device Types / Vhost-user Device Backend / Additional Device Resources / Shared Memory}
> +
> +The vhost-user device backend provides all (or part) of the following shared memory regions:
> +
> +\begin{description}
> +\item[0] Vhost-user memory region 0
> +\item[1] Vhost-user memory region 1
> +\item[\ldots]
> +\item[M-1] Vhost-user memory region M-1
> +\item[M] Log memory region
> +\end{description}
> +
> +where M is the total number of memory regions shared.
> +
> +\devicenormative{\paragraph}{Shared Memory layout}{Device Types / Vhost-user Device Backend / Additional Device Resources / Shared Memory layout}
> +
> +The device exports all memory regions reported by the vhost-user frontend as a
> +single shared memory region \ref{sec:Basic Facilities of a Virtio Device /
> +Shared Memory Regions}.
This seems to contradict the list above where it shows "Vhost-user memory
region 0", "Vhost-user memory region 1", etc as separate shared memory
regions. Is it a single shared memory region or not?
> +
> +The size of this shared memory region exported by the device MUST be at least
> +as much as the sum of the sizes of all the memory regions reported by the
> +vhost-user frontend.
> +
> +The memory regions exported by the device MUST be laid out in the same order
> +in which they are reported by the frontend with vhost-user messages.
> +
> +The offsets in which the memory regions are mapped inside the shared memory
> +region MUST be the following:
> +
> +\begin{description}
> +\item[0] Offset for vhost-user memory region 0
> +\item[SIZE0] Offset for vhost-user memory region 1
> +\item[\ldots]
> +\item[SIZE0 + SIZE1 + \ldots] Offset for vhost-user memory region M
> +\end{description}
> +
> +where SIZEi is the size of the vhost-user memory region i.
It's unclear to me how vhost-user's
VHOST_USER_ADD_MEM_REG/VHOST_USER_REM_MEM_REG messages are handled. They
are dynamic.
> +
> +\subsubsection{Availability of Additional Resources}\label{sec:Device Types / Vhost-user Device Backend / Additional Device Resources / Availability of Additional Resources}
> +
> +The following vhost-user protocol messages convey access to additional device
> +resources:
> +
> +\begin{description}
> +\item[VHOST_USER_SET_MEM_TABLE] Contents of vhost-user memory regions are
> +available to the driver as device memory. Region contents are laid out in the
s/as device memory/in Shared Memory Regions/ here and throughout this
section. Let's use the spec's terminology instead of the more vague
"device memory".
> +same order as the vhost-user memory region list.
This refers to VHOST_USER_SET_MEM_TABLE but doesn't cover the
VHOST_USER_ADD_MEM_REG/VHOST_USER_REM_MEM_REG messages.
> +\item[VHOST_USER_SET_LOG_BASE] Contents of the log memory region are available
> +to the driver as device memory.
> +\item[VHOST_USER_SET_LOG_FD] The log device auxiliary notification is available to the driver.
> +Writes to the log device auxiliary notification before this message is received produce no effect.
> +\item[VHOST_USER_SET_VRING_KICK] The vring kick notification for this queue is
> +available to the driver. The first notification may occur before the driver has
> +processed this message.
Maybe the spec can suggest how drivers should handle kicks that arrive
before the corresponding VHOST_USER_SET_VRING_KICK message has been
processed? Perhaps the vhost-user backend should ignore the unknown kick
and peek at the vring when VHOST_USER_SET_VRING_ENABLE is processed.
That way no kicks are lost.
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