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Subject: Re: [tag] Issue Re: [tag] A tighter RDFS/OWL-DL representation
A roundtrip works quite well, to get an idea of how others might use RDF/RDFS/OWL to represent the same Test Assertion model/example. An export from the semantic wiki Halo project (which imports well back into the wiki) looks like this for the exact same example: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF[ <!ENTITY rdf 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#'> <!ENTITY rdfs 'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#'> <!ENTITY owl 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#'> <!ENTITY smw 'http://smw.ontoware.org/2005/smw#'> <!ENTITY smwdt 'http://smw.ontoware.org/2005/smw-datatype#'> <!ENTITY wiki 'http://localhost/mediawiki/index.php/Special:URIResolver/'> <!ENTITY wikiurl 'http://localhost/mediawiki/index.php/'> <!ENTITY property 'http://localhost/mediawiki/index.php/Special:URIResolver/Property-3A/'> ]> <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="&rdf;" xmlns:rdfs="&rdfs;" xmlns:owl ="&owl;" xmlns:smw="&smw;" xmlns:wiki="&wiki;" xmlns:wikiurl="&wikiurl;" xmlns:property="&property;"> <!-- Ontology header --> <owl:Ontology rdf:about=""> <smw:exportDate rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime";>2008-01-28T10:00:16+00:00</smw:exportDate> </owl:Ontology> <!-- exported page data --> <smw:Thing rdf:about="&wiki;Widget_precondition1"> <rdfs:label>Widget precondition1</rdfs:label> <smw:hasArticle rdf:resource="&wikiurl;Widget_precondition1"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&wikiurl;Special:ExportRDF/Widget_precondition1"/> <rdf:type rdf:resource="&wiki;Category-3AWidget"/> <property:Property rdf:resource="&wiki;WidgetSize_Medium"/> </smw:Thing> <smw:Thing rdf:about="&wiki;Widget_ta001"> <rdfs:label>Widget ta001</rdfs:label> <smw:hasArticle rdf:resource="&wikiurl;Widget_ta001"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&wikiurl;Special:ExportRDF/Widget_ta001"/> <rdf:type rdf:resource="&wiki;Category-3AWidget"/> <property:Prose rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string";>has a red button on top</property:Prose> <property:SpecRef rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string";>101:1a</property:SpecRef> <property:Precondition rdf:resource="&wiki;Widget_precondition1"/> </smw:Thing> <!-- auxilliary definitions --> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&property;Precondition"> <rdfs:label>Precondition</rdfs:label> <smw:hasArticle rdf:resource="&wikiurl;Property:Precondition"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&wikiurl;Special:ExportRDF/Property:Precondition"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="&property;SpecRef"> <rdfs:label>SpecRef</rdfs:label> <smw:hasArticle rdf:resource="&wikiurl;Property:SpecRef"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&wikiurl;Special:ExportRDF/Property:SpecRef"/> </owl:DatatypeProperty> <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="&property;Prose"> <rdfs:label>Prose</rdfs:label> <smw:hasArticle rdf:resource="&wikiurl;Property:Prose"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&wikiurl;Special:ExportRDF/Property:Prose"/> </owl:DatatypeProperty> <smw:Thing rdf:about="&wiki;WidgetSize_Medium"> <rdfs:label>WidgetSize Medium</rdfs:label> <smw:hasArticle rdf:resource="&wikiurl;WidgetSize_Medium"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&wikiurl;Special:ExportRDF/WidgetSize_Medium"/> </smw:Thing> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&property;Property"> <rdfs:label>Property</rdfs:label> <smw:hasArticle rdf:resource="&wikiurl;Property:Property"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&wikiurl;Special:ExportRDF/Property:Property"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <owl:Class rdf:about="&wiki;Category-3AWidget"> <rdfs:label>Widget</rdfs:label> <smw:hasArticle rdf:resource="&wikiurl;Category:Widget"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&wikiurl;Special:ExportRDF/Category:Widget"/> </owl:Class> <!-- reference to the Semantic MediaWiki schema --> <owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="&smw;hasArticle"> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://smw.ontoware.org/2005/smw"/> </owl:AnnotationProperty> <owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="&smw;exportDate"> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://smw.ontoware.org/2005/smw"/> </owl:AnnotationProperty> <owl:Class rdf:about="&smw;Thing"> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://smw.ontoware.org/2005/smw"/> </owl:Class> <!-- Created with Semantic MediaWiki, http://ontoworld.org/wiki/SMW --> </rdf:RDF> -- Stephen D. Green Partner SystML, http://www.systml.co.uk Tel: +44 (0) 117 9541606 http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=matthew+22:37 .. and voice Quoting stephen.green@systml.co.uk: > Attached is a screen dump of how this representation looks in > the semantic wiki. It revealed a few modeling issues... > > [Incidentally there was a missing spec ref - it should look like this: > > <Widget rdf:ID="Widget_precondition1"> > <property> > <WidgetSize rdf:ID="WidgetSize_Medium"/> > </property> > </Widget> > <Widget rdf:ID="Widget_ta001"> > <specRef > rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string";>101:1a</specRef> > <prose rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string";>has a > red button on top</prose> > <precondition rdf:resource="#Widget_precondition1"/> > </Widget> > ] > > There is an issue to note, I think, with the use of a 'precondition' > - it is a bit of a modeling problem in that the precondition actually > functions as a restricted subclass of the test assertion or its predicate. > > * If the precondition is itself a predicate it needs everything > a test assertion needs except the spec ref. I.e. maybe it needs > its own ID so one precondition can be used in multiple predicates. > > * This then leads to some issues: > > * Why not then just use an assertion? > > * What then is the difference between precondition and prerequisite? > > * Doesn't this logic mean that a test assertion actually amounts > an extension of a superclass which is an assertion (extended by > adding spec ref)? > * Then a prerequisite could be the equivalent of a precondition > in that both reference both assertions and test assertions (or > instantiate, rather than reference the assertion and test > assertion classes). > > * So having a new superclass of test assertion called 'assertion' > could answer three problems: > 1. no need for both prerequisites and preconditions > 2. distinction between > a. test assertions and > b. assertions/predicates which aren't test assertions as such > 3. a different target can be associated with the assertion/predicate > of the precondition/prerequisite - a different target to the TA's > > Another issue arose while trying to implement the model: > > Does a TA have a target or does a target have a TA? > > The latter proves to be most useful in my example (to allow grouping > of TAs under the category of a shared target or target class). > > Best regards > - Steve > >> I tried the OWL-DL representation with WikiMedia's SemanticWiki >> / Halo Project OWL extensions and found that it needed tightening >> up a lot more (eliminating the redundant elements). >> >> This resulted in the representation below which seems quite satisfactory >> as a mere demo of how a TA might be represented for the semantic web: >> >> <?xml version="1.0"?> >> <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"; >> xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"; xmlns="http://localhost#"; >> xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"; >> xml:base="http://localhost";> >> <owl:Ontology rdf:about=""/> >> <owl:Class rdf:ID="Property"/> >> <owl:Class rdf:ID="WidgetSize"> >> <rdfs:subClassOf> >> <owl:Class rdf:ID="Size"/> >> </rdfs:subClassOf> >> </owl:Class> >> <owl:Class rdf:ID="Target"/> >> <owl:Class rdf:about="#Size"> >> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Property"/> >> </owl:Class> >> <owl:Class rdf:ID="Widget"> >> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Target"/> >> </owl:Class> >> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="precondition"> >> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Target"/> >> </owl:ObjectProperty> >> <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:ID="prerequisite"> >> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Target"/> >> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"/> >> </owl:DatatypeProperty> >> <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:ID="specRef"> >> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Target"/> >> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"/> >> </owl:DatatypeProperty> >> <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:ID="property"> >> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Target"/> >> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Property"/> >> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/> >> </owl:FunctionalProperty> >> <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:ID="value"> >> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Property"/> >> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"/> >> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty"/> >> </owl:FunctionalProperty> >> <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:ID="prose"> >> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"/> >> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Target"/> >> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty"/> >> </owl:FunctionalProperty> >> <Widget rdf:ID="Widget_precondition1"> >> <property> >> <WidgetSize rdf:ID="WidgetSize_Medium"/> >> </property> >> </Widget> >> <owl:AllDifferent/> >> <Widget rdf:ID="Widget_ta001"> >> <specRef rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"/> >> <prose rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string";>has a >> red button on top</prose> >> <precondition rdf:resource="#Widget_precondition1"/> >> </Widget> >> </rdf:RDF> >> <!-- Created with Protege (with OWL Plugin 3.3.1, Build 430) >> http://protege.stanford.edu --> >> >> >> -- >> Stephen D. Green >> >> Partner >> SystML, http://www.systml.co.uk >> Tel: +44 (0) 117 9541606 >> >> http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=matthew+22:37 .. and voice >> >> >> >> Quoting stephen.green@systml.co.uk: >> >>> Second attempt after first seems to have got stuck (in filters?) >>> This time with attachment as zip >>> >>> Contains two OWL files, one with a TA ontology - classes and properties, >>> the other with an example individual TA in OWL-DL using the ontology. >>> >>> -- >>> Stephen D. Green >>> >>> Partner >>> SystML, http://www.systml.co.uk >>> Tel: +44 (0) 117 9541606 >>> >>> http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=matthew+22:37 .. and voice >> >>
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